Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints (the synovium). This can cause inflammation, pain, swelling, and gradual joint damage. RA often affects the small joints of the hands and feet and may be symmetrical (both sides of the body).
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) — what it is
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints (the synovium). This can cause inflammation, pain, swelling, and gradual joint damage. RA often affects the small joints of the hands and feet and may be symmetrical (both sides of the body).
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Common symptoms and diagnosis
Typical symptoms include joint stiffness—especially in the morning—swelling, warmth, and reduced range of motion. Some people also experience fatigue, low-grade fever, or weight changes. Diagnosis is based on a combination of symptoms, physical exam, blood tests (such as rheumatoid factor and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide/anti-CCP), and imaging (ultrasound or X-ray) to look for inflammatory changes and joint damage.
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Treatment and professional-care note
Treatment aims to control inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent long-term joint damage. Options may include anti-inflammatory medicines, corticosteroids for short-term control, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)—often including methotrexate or other targeted therapies. Lifestyle measures (regular low-impact exercise, physical therapy, and smoking cessation) can support overall health. Professional-care note: RA is a medical condition that benefits from early evaluation by a rheumatologist. If you have persistent joint swelling or morning stiffness lasting more than a few weeks, seek medical care promptly.
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